Water is not only essential for life—it’s also a key requirement when building a home or developing property in Costa Rica. If you’re planning to construct on a piece of land, having a legal water source is crucial to obtain construction permits. In this article, we’ll explain the different types of water sources recognized in Costa Rica and why securing legal access to water is one of the first and most important steps in any successful real estate investment.
Why Is a Legal Water Source Important?
In Costa Rica, the government requires proof of a legal water source before issuing any construction permits. This regulation ensures that development is both sustainable and adequately supported by infrastructure. Without legal access to water, even the most promising property cannot be legally developed.
Types of Legal Water Sources in Costa Rica
There are three primary types of legal water sources that allow landowners to obtain construction permits:
1. Public Water Supply – AYA or ASADA
- AYA (Acueductos y Alcantarillados) is the national water authority that provides and manages public water systems, primarily in urban areas.
- ASADA is a community-managed water association, more commonly found in rural regions. While locally operated, ASADAs must comply with AYA’s regulations and standards.
To use either of these public systems, you’ll need a “carta de disponibilidad de agua”—an official availability letter confirming that your property can be connected to the water network.
2. Artisanal Well (Pozo Artesanal)
An artisanal well is a shallow, hand-dug well that reaches groundwater at relatively low depths. These are often used in rural areas where access to public water is not available.
To be considered legal for permitting purposes, an artisanal well must:
- Undergo a microbiological water test to ensure the water is potable.
- Be backed by a declaración jurada—a sworn statement by the property owner affirming the availability and potability of the water.
Note: Some municipalities in Costa Rica no longer accept artisanal wells for new construction permits. However, in Cóbano, they are still accepted as a legal water source.
3. Drilled Well (Pozo Perforado)
A drilled well is a deep, mechanically drilled well that accesses water from deeper aquifers. This type of well is a common solution in off-grid or rural developments.
To make a drilled well legally valid, the following steps must be completed:
- Apply for authorization from MINAE (Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía).
- Hire a licensed professional to drill and conduct the necessary water tests.
- Register the well with MINAE and include it in the National Water Registry.
Once registered, a drilled well can be used for residential or commercial construction, based on the available water supply.
Final Thoughts
Whether you’re planning to build a home, launch a rental business, or invest in a development project, a legal water source is non-negotiable in Costa Rica. It should be one of the first items you verify when purchasing land.
At ZonAzul Realty CR, we guide our clients through every step of the process—from confirming water rights to navigating permitting requirements. We collaborate closely with trusted local professionals, including lawyers, engineers, and water specialists, to ensure your investment is secure and your plans are achievable.
Contact Us
Have questions about buying a property in Costa Rica? Contact us today and let ZonAzul Realty CR guide you through the process. Together, we’ll achieve your goals with confidence and ease.
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